คำเตือน: CFD เป็นตราสารที่ซับซ้อนและมีความเสี่ยงสูงที่จะสูญเสียเงินอย่างรวดเร็ว เนื่องจากการใช้เลเวอเรจ
คุณควรพิจารณาว่าคุณเข้าใจวิธีการทำงานของ CFD หรือไม่ และคุณสามารถยอมรับความเสี่ยงสูงในการสูญเสียเงินได้หรือไม่
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EST
Eastern Standard Time. The time zone covering eastern North America, five hours behind UTC during standard time and four hours behind during daylight saving (when it becomes EDT). New York operates on EST/EDT. Which is why EST matters disproportionately in global finance. US economic data releases, market open/close times, central bank announcements, all quoted in EST/EDT regardless of where market participants physically are. The 8:30am EST release window is sacred for US data. Nonfarm payrolls, CPI, retail sales, GDP, dozens of others, all exactly that time, designed to land before the 9:30am NYSE open. Example: A trader in Mumbai monitoring US payrolls sets alerts for 7:00pm IST on the first Friday of each month. That’s 8:30am EST converted across the time difference. The mental arithmetic becomes automatic for anyone whose work depends on US data flow. You stop calculating after a few months. The conversion just lives in your head.
Estonian Krooni (EEK)
Estonia’s former currency. Replaced by the euro on 1 January 2011 when Estonia became the 17th eurozone member. The kroon had been pegged first to the Deutsche Mark and later to the euro through a currency board from 1992 onward, which made eurozone accession technically smooth, Estonia was already importing euro-area monetary policy in everything but name. Retiring the kroon was widely seen as completing Estonia’s economic integration into Europe after two decades of post-Soviet reconstruction. The country’s broader story, small, digitally advanced, fiscally conservative, NATO and EU member, made euro adoption a confidence-boosting moment rather than a controversial one. Example: Estonians holding kroon savings on 31 December 2010 saw their balances convert automatically at 15.6466 EEK per EUR overnight. Cash kroon notes and coins stayed exchangeable at the central bank indefinitely. Most physical currency phased out within months. The transition was uneventful, which was the whole point.
ESTR
The Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR). The eurozone’s overnight risk-free rate, published daily by the ECB. Calculated from actual borrowing transactions in the wholesale unsecured euro money market. ESTR replaced EONIA on 3 January 2022 and has become the foundational reference rate for euro-denominated derivatives, fallback provisions in EURIBOR contracts, and increasingly for new floating-rate products. Unlike EURIBOR, which reflects unsecured term lending and embeds bank credit risk, ESTR is a near risk-free overnight rate. That puts it in line with global post-LIBOR reference rates, SOFR (US dollar), SONIA (sterling), TONA (yen), SARON (Swiss franc). Example: A new euro-denominated interest rate swap entered into in 2026 typically references ESTR compounded in arrears, exactly as a sterling swap references SONIA or a dollar swap references SOFR. The compounded daily rate over the swap’s tenor produces the floating leg’s cash flow.
ESTX50
The ticker for the EURO STOXX 50 index. See EURO STOXX 50 for the full description. Traders and analysts use ESTX50 (sometimes SX5E, sometimes just STOXX50) interchangeably across futures, ETFs, and options markets. Example: A European equity trader watching index futures during the Frankfurt open might monitor the ESTX50 contract on Eurex, treating it as the most liquid pure-play vehicle for cross-eurozone large-cap exposure. The contract trades nearly 24 hours, with peak liquidity during European cash hours.
Ether
The cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain, which serves as the “fuel” for all transactions on the network. On Ethereum, all transactions, be it sending ETH, deploying a smart contract, or interacting with a DeFi protocol, come with a fee in terms of ether, known as gas. Gas rewards validators for processing transactions and discourages spam by charging a fee for each computation.
Ether is not the same as Ethereum: Ethereum is the network and protocol, while Ether is the asset that brings economic life to the network. The difference is important in regulatory and analytical applications in which the two are often confused.
Ether’s value is driven by its network utility, scarcity by its programs, deflationary net supply when there’s lots of network activity, and the fact that it is the primary underlying collateral asset in DeFi protocols on the Ethereum network.
Example: A developer deploying a smart contract on Ethereum pays gas fees in ether. The cost fluctuates based on the congestion of the network, meaning that in periods of high demand for block space, gas prices may rise, making it difficult to deploy to the network when needed most, and driving up an economic barrier for low-priority transactions; high gas prices also attract more validators to participate, which helps ensure an adequate supply.
Ethereum (ETH)
An open-ended, decentralised, and source code-based blockchain that allows developers to run smart contract programs that automatically execute when certain conditions are met without the need for a trusted third party. Ethereum’s developers transformed the blockchain from a mere value transfer tool into programmable infrastructure for decentralized applications, which has become the backbone of the DeFi and NFT ecosystems.
It also switched from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake in a dramatic move known as “The Merge”, which has significantly decreased its energy usage and shifted the economics behind ETH issuance. Validators are replacing miners, who are staking ETH in order to propose and attest to blocks.
Ethereum is home to most of the DeFi liquidity, stablecoin supply and NFT infrastructure. It is a favorite for its liquidity, developer support and institutional recognition, however it has been confronted by faster, cheaper competition.
Example: One DeFi lending protocol on Ethereum might enable users to deposit collateral and automatically borrow into a stablecoin. The smart contract is the only part that is involved and enforces the terms of the loan, while also liquidating the collateral if it dips below the threshold and distributing the interest, and no human intermediary is ever involved in processing any individual transaction or approving any loan.
เราใช้คุกกี้เพื่อทำความเข้าใจว่าคุณใช้งานเว็บไซต์ของเราอย่างไร และเพื่อให้คุณได้รับประสบการณ์ที่ดีที่สุด คุณสามารถหาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมได้โดยดูนโยบายคุกกี้ของเรา
