سلب مسئولیت: CFD ها ابزارهای پیچیده ای هستند و با ریسک بالایی در از دست دادن سریع پول به دلیل اهرم همراه هستند.
باید در نظر بگیرید که آیا می دانید CFD ها چگونه کار می کنند و آیا می توانید ریسک بالای از دست دادن پول خود را بپذیرید یا خیر.
وب معامله گر MT5
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G8
The G8 was the G7, plus Russia, which joined as part of the post-Cold War integration process in the late 1990s. It was a forum for significant economic and political coordination between the major powers for about 16 years. In 2014, Russia’s participation was suspended following the annexation of Crimea, and the group returned to the G7 format that has been used since then.
It is important to understand the G8 period because it was an attempt to include Russia in the West-led international order, an approach that did not continue after 2014 and whose legacy continues to influence geopolitics.
Example: Russian President Vladimir Putin sat alongside Western leaders who were discussing everything from energy policy to nuclear non-proliferation at several G8 summits in the 2000s. That period in history was marked by closer engagement between Russia and Western governments. After 2014, when Russia’s participation was suspended, the G8 framework gave way to a different format for international economic and political coordination.
Gambia Dalasi (GMD)
The Gambian dalasi is the official currency of the small African country of The Gambia, which is almost completely bordered by Senegal. Tourism is a major source of income for the economy, as is the export of groundnuts and remittances from Gambians working in other countries, especially Europe.
The Central Bank of The Gambia may intervene from time to time to reduce excessive fluctuations; the dalasi is managed in a floating manner. The GMD, like many small developing-economy currencies, is not traded internationally and has limited convertibility outside the country. Domestically, movements in the exchange rate have a significant impact, since the prices of imports such as food and fuel are quoted in foreign currency.
Example: A Gambian family that is receiving remittances from a family member in the UK keeps an eye on the GMD exchange rate. Those remittance transfers can translate into more local currency when the dalasi depreciates, potentially cushioning the blow to household budgets already feeling the pinch from rising import prices due to the dalasi’s depreciation.
Gamma Exposure (GEX)
Gamma exposure (GEX) is the aggregate sensitivity of options market makers’ delta-hedging positions to fluctuations in the underlying asset price. When market makers trade options with clients, they hedge to be market-neutral, but gamma requires them to adjust this hedge as prices change.
If positive GEX is high, it can function as a volatility buffer: if the asset goes up in value, market makers may be required to sell the underlying asset, and if it goes down, they may need to buy it, both of which can reduce market volatility.
When GEX is negative, the reverse dynamic can occur, creating a potentially destabilizing loop in which market makers may need to buy the market up and sell the market down, thereby amplifying directional moves. GEX rose to prominence in the retail trading world following the rise of the Meme Stock mania in 2021, which put options positions front and center as a major driver of stock price action.
Example: A stock with substantial negative gamma exposure may face greater volatility risk. Short gamma market makers, as prices decline, may be driven to sell the underlying quickly to re-hedge their holdings, potentially exacerbating the sell-off rather than absorbing it. Once traders see this negative gamma profile, they may view the environment as one in which downward moves could become self-reinforcing and may choose to wait until dealer selling pressure subsides and volatility normalizes.
Gamma Squeeze
A gamma squeeze occurs when prices surge in quick succession and are potentially reinforced by the mechanics of options market-maker hedging. It starts with buying a large number of call options with short expiration dates for a particular stock. Those calls are “delta-hedged” by the market makers who sold them; when they are “in-the-money,” the market makers may need to buy more of the underlying stock.
That purchasing can drive the price up; more hedging can push prices higher still. The feedback loop can give rise to impulsive, explosive, and short-lived moves that may appear unrelated to any basic development.
Example: In January 2021, the GameStop saga had both a gamma squeeze and a short squeeze. Market makers may have been driven to buy the stock to hedge as many retail traders entered short-dated call options. Their buying may have contributed to the price explosion, attracting additional options buyers and prompting additional hedging. The price surge was influenced by several factors, including options-related hedging and increased investor participation. It cannot be attributed solely to the company’s fundamentals or to the options market structure.
Gann Fan
A Gann Fan is a technical analysis chart that uses diagonal lines plotted at geometric angles from a price high or low, with traders looking for significant price action occurring at those levels. The central line has been named the 1×1 angle – 45 degrees – and was considered by Gann to be one of the most important lines in a chart; it’s a representation of the relationship between time and price.
Other lines are drawn at angles of 1×2, 1×4, 2×1, 4×1, etc., indicating varying amounts of price movement within a given time period. These lines are used by some traders as potential dynamic support and resistance levels, with the idea that markets may find turning points when price meets these lines of action and moves along them.
Example: A trader draws a Gann Fan from a big market bottom. Prices move higher over the next few weeks, reaching the overhead level of the 1×1 balance line, where they briefly give way. Once the price has successfully broken out above the 1×1 area and held, the trader views the 1×1 line as the new support floor, and watches the steeper 2×1 line as the next overhead objective where the market may experience its next substantial reaction.
Gann Grid
A Gann Grid is a way of superimposing a collection of 45-degree diagonal lines in both directions (up and down) on a price chart, creating a grid pattern and splitting it into equal geometric pieces. The grid is based on W.D. Gann’s theory that price and time are in geometric harmony, meaning traders using the method look for intersections that may correspond with key support and resistance levels and potential turning points.
The grid spacing is constant; the analyst must select a suitable magnification on the chart; if it is too tiny or too large, the geometric relationships may become difficult to interpret.
Example: A trader with technical experience applies a Gann Grid to a commodity chart anchored on a key historical low. Some high and low prices are very close to the intersection of the price and the grid’s diagonal lines. When the price moves to the opposite grid intersection during the pullback, the trader considers it a potential support level but does not rely on it alone; instead, it is used alongside other more typical technical indicators in the analysis.
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