إخلاء المسؤولية: تُعد عقود الفروقات أدوات مالية معقدة تنطوي على مخاطر عالية قد تؤدي إلى خسارة أموالك بسرعة بسبب استخدام الرافعة المالية. قبل البدء بالتداول،
عليك التأكد من فهمك الكامل لكيفية عمل عقود الفروقات، وتقييم ما إذا كنت قادرًا على تحمّل مخاطر الخسارة العالية.
منصة الويب MT5
الكل
Desk
A desk is a group of analysts or traders within a bank, brokerage, or financial institution responsible for a particular asset class or product. This name is derived from the actual trading floor, where different trading groups sat at different desks and dealt with various markets.
The physical desk is no longer as important as the organizational concept. A rates desk handles interest rate products, an FX desk handles currency trading, an equities desk handles stock-related activity, and so on.
Every desk has its own book of positions, risk limits, and profit/loss account. Desks can also be further differentiated within larger institutions; for example, an FX desk could include a spot desk, a forwards desk, and an options desk.
The desk organization also dictates who a client will speak with when calling a bank. One aspect of the complexity of large financial institutions is routing inquiries to the right desk.
Example: A corporate client contacts the bank to hedge against floating-rate (interest rate) risk and currency (revenue) risk on a foreign-currency loan. The call first reaches the rates desk for the swap, then is passed to the FX desk for the forward contract: two desks, two different conversations, and one client’s relationship.
Details
Details are the information required to verify and complete a trade in financial markets. You agree on the price, but that’s not enough to seal the deal. Then the back office has to know where to send the securities, the settlement date, the counterparty’s banking details, and anything else required to guarantee the trade settles correctly.
In the foreign exchange world, confirmation normally comprises an exchange of correspondent bank details and numbers to guarantee that each leg of the currency transaction ends up at the right destination on the right date.
Failure to submit missing or wrong information is one of the most prevalent reasons for settlement failures and can lead to the loss of counterparty relationships, penalty fines, and potentially considerable financial exposure in the event of big transactions.
Example: A fund manager buys a significant number of stock shares via a broker. The trade is completed in seconds. This is followed by a confirmation process where the fund sends settlement information (custodian bank, account number, settlement instructions) and the broker verifies it against their records. If they don’t match up prior to settlement day, the trade doesn’t settle, and there are ramifications for both sides.
Detrended Price Oscillator
The DPO, or Detrended Price Oscillator, is a technical indicator that removes the long-term trend from a price series and emphasizes the shorter-term trend. With most price-based indicators, the larger trend is embedded within them, making small cycles within a trend more difficult to identify. What the DPO does is eliminate that noise by subtracting a moving average of the price from a past price, which leaves the cyclical component behind.
The outcome fluctuates around zero: positive when the price climbs above the displaced average price, and negative when it drops below it.
Traders primarily use it to identify the duration of the price cycle, and it is not considered a buy or sell signal. It is designed as a retrospective tool and does not provide direct forecasting of future price direction.
Example: In analyzing the commodity market, a trader wants to know the average duration of the short-term cycle relative to the commodity market’s long-term cycle. They use the DPO and the way the oscillator moves over time to estimate that the trend may reverse roughly every 18 trading days. This information can help them time their entries and exits more accurately in the direction of the trend.
Deutsche Bundesbank
Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bundesbank is Germany’s central bank and one of the most powerful central banking institutions in the world. It was set up in 1957 and was known as a price-stability machine, in part because Germany’s last great hyperinflation in the 1920s led people to use wheelbarrows of money to purchase bread.
The Bundesbank’s institutional fixation on managing inflation made it a model for European central bank independence, and its impact was directly incorporated in the design of the European Central Bank when the euro was introduced.
The Bundesbank is now an institution of the European System of Central Banks, which implements the ECB’s monetary policy in Germany and participates in the eurozone’s monetary policy debate. It remains a powerful voice – typically among the more hawkish ones – within that system.
Example: In the early 2010s, during the eurozone debt crisis, the Bundesbank was openly skeptical of bond-buying programs that other ECB members supported. This resistance was a product of both the institutional culture and the political reality. German public opinion was strongly opposed to any policy that smuggled a sense of printing money home, and the Bundesbank lent its voice at the ECB table.
Diamond
A diamond is a technical analysis charting pattern that looks like the shape of a diamond or rhombus on a price chart. It is formed when the price first widens into a widening pattern, which is defined by higher highs and lower lows, and then narrows back into a converging pattern, establishing four different trend lines that create the diamond shape.
It is a reversal pattern and is most notable when it occurs after a long uptrend or decline. The spreading phase indicates that the disagreement and volatility between market players are increasing, while the narrowing phase indicates that the indecision is resolving itself.
A break below the lower barrier following an uptrend could foreshadow a move lower. A break of the upper barrier following a downtrend implies a probable move to the upside. Confirmed diamond patterns are not as common as triangles or flags, which is why traders take them carefully.
Example: A large stock index has a robust rally over several months, then begins to form a diamond pattern near the highs with increasing volatility, followed by constricting price movement.
Eventually, the price breaks below the lower border of the pattern on heavy volume and technically oriented traders take this as confirmation that the rally has exhausted itself, and start positioning for a more major pullback.
Digital Signature
A digital signature is a cryptographic method used to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or digital document. It’s the electronic equivalent of a handwritten signature, but harder to forge. Digital signatures form the basis of blockchain and cryptocurrency.
When a user makes a transaction, like sending bitcoin, they sign the transaction with their private key. Any network member can then use the public key associated with that signature to verify that it is legitimate and that the transaction has not been altered in transit.
The private key is kept private, but the public key is accessible to all. The math ensures that a valid signature could only have been generated by the owner of the private key, but reveals nothing about the key itself.
That’s how a trustless network can establish ownership and enable transactions without a central authority.
Example: A user wants to send cryptocurrency to another wallet. Their program then uses their private key to generate a digital signature unique to that transaction. Nodes throughout the network verify the signature (with the public key), verify that the user has enough funds, and record the transaction on the blockchain.
No one ever sees the private key, and no one has to trust a central authority to confirm the transfer.
نحن نستخدم ملفات تعريف الارتباط (الكوكيز) لفهم كيفية استخدامك لموقعنا وتقديم أفضل تجربة ممكنة. يمكنك معرفة المزيد من خلال الاطلاع على سياسة الكوكيز الخاصة بنا.
