风险声明：差价合约（CFD）是属于复杂的投资产品，因杠杆而存在快速亏损的高度风险。
交易前您应衡量是否了解差价合约以及是否能够承担发生亏损的高风险。
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Closed position
An order that has been sold or closed out.
Closing
Exiting a current position. If you’re long, closing means selling. If you’re short, closing means buying back. It is the act of closing out your market exposure, not necessarily at the end of the trading day, although it is often used in that context as well.
When you close a position, you realize your profit or loss. The gain or loss is unrealised until you sell, it is only on paper, moves with the market, and can be reversed. The moment you close it, it’s sealed. That psychological shift from unrealised to realised is one of the more difficult aspects of trading. Many people hold on to losers too long, precisely because closing them converts a theoretical loss into a real one.
In futures and options, closing has a specific technical meaning as well. You close by taking the opposite position in the same contract, which nets to zero. You do not deliver or take delivery of the underlying; you simply cancel the obligation.
Example: If a trader buys 500 shares of Infosys at ₹1,400 and it goes up to ₹1,580. The trader sells all 500 shares in the market to close the position. The ₹180 per share floating gain is now realised and reflected in cash. The position is gone. It was the right view. The trade is over.
Closing market price
The closing market price is the latest price that an asset was traded in the overall market.
Closing price
The price of a security at its last trade in a regular trading session. It is the number that appears in end-of-day financial data, forms the close of the last candle on a candlestick chart, and serves as the reference point for next-day gap analysis, portfolio valuations and index rebalancing calculations.
On some exchanges, and especially large ones, the closing price is not simply the last trade of the day. The London Stock Exchange and Nasdaq both have special closing auctions in the last minutes of the session, during which orders pile up and a single clearing price is determined. This smoothes out thin late-day trading and reduces the potential for price manipulation of the official close.
The closing price matters disproportionately to many market participants. Options are cashed on it. From this, mutual funds value their NAVs. It is used for margin call calculations. Index providers use it for end-of-day weights. It’s amazing how much follow-on activity one closing print can create.
Example: On August 7, 2018, the day Elon Musk tweeted about taking Tesla private at $420, the stock closed at exactly $420. Conspiracy theories aside, that day’s closing price became Exhibit A in the SEC’s subsequent investigation. That one number had months of legal ramification
Cloud Mining
A method for buying mining power from outside the company instead of owning and running the mining machine directly. Customers pay a percentage of the provider’s space in the network and receive a percentage of the rewards.
It’s clear why this is appealing: They don’t need to pay for hardware, manage electricity, or hear or feel any noise or heat, and they aren’t responsible for technical upkeep. Cloud mining firms manage large-scale industrial mining operations and lease capacity to retail customers seeking exposure to mining economics without the hassle.
The issues are also clearly described. It’s possible that margins are slim since the provider retains a cut before passing rewards. Mining contracts can also have fixed costs, and the mining revenues can fluctuate, depending on the price of the underlying cryptocurrency or the difficulty of mining. Cloud miners have been found to be scams and lack the infrastructure to provide cloud mining services. While there are legit providers with audited proof-of-hash rate, the damage done to the reputational sector from exit scams is very real and enduring.
Example: An investor enters a one-year cloud mining deal with a trustworthy miner for a specified amount of hash power and pays a monthly fee. The price of bitcoin moves up, and the contract makes a profit. A colleague signs up with another operator, only to get paid for two months, only for the website to go down and the operator to disappear with the subscription fee.
Coin Age
A metric that is equal to the number of coins multiplied by how long they are not moved. If you have 100 coins that have been sitting in a wallet for 30 days, you’ve built up 3000 coin-days. After the coins are moved or spent during a staking event, the clock restarts.
In early PoS systems like Peercoin, the coin age played a significant role in determining who was eligible to become a miner and stake to validate a block. The longer one held on to coins, the higher the probability of being selected, with a focus on patience over quick coin changes. Many modern proof-of-stake systems have transitioned to simpler models of stake weight, enabled by the ability to stack large amounts of coins in one place and then dump them all at once.
The idea is still applicable in on-chain analytics. By analyzing the age distribution of coins on a network, one can see the percentage of coins that remain inactive or that are actively traded. A higher average coin age indicates greater confidence among coin holders or simply that wallets are forgotten. In either scenario, it indicates some near-term selling weakness in those holdings.
Example: Imagine that an analyst is analyzing on-chain data for a significant cryptocurrency and sees that a significant percentage of the overall supply has not been transferred for more than two years. This is seen as a positive near-term signal for supply, as a higher average coin age indicates that long-term holders are not selling at the current price.
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