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Glossário de Trading

O glossário de trading refere-se a um tipo de estratégia de negociação onde os traders utilizam um conjunto predefinido de termos, definições ou conceitos para tomar decisões informadas. Ele frequentemente envolve jargões específicos do setor, métricas financeiras e ferramentas analíticas para navegar nos mercados de forma eficaz.

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C

Cable

Trader slang for the GBP/USD currency pair. The name is derived from the transatlantic telegraph cable laid in the 1860s, which served as the original infrastructure for transmitting exchange-rate quotes between New York and London. The term has been used and remains the universal shorthand among FX professionals today.

Cable ranks as the third-most-traded volume pair in the world, after EUR/USD and USD/JPY. It is sensitive to UK economic data, Bank of England actions, and anything that touches on the political relationship between Britain and the EU; events that can move the pair by several hundred pips in a single afternoon.

The term’ cable’ amongst traders is almost always used to mean the spot rate, not the futures rate. When one says ‘I am long cable at 1.2650,’ it means they bought sterling against the dollar at 1.2650 and are seeking to buy it at a higher rate.

Example: When the UK voted to leave the EU in June 2016, the cable crashed by 1.4800 to below 1.3200 in a single, overnight session; a move of more than 1,500 pips. Missers of the event risk and were short sterling due to unconnected causes made a career that night. Those on the wrong side didn’t forget it either.

CAC 40

The benchmark equity index of the Paris stock exchange comprising of the 40 largest and most liquid French companies by free float market cap. The name is an acronym for Cotation Assistée en Continu, continuous assisted quotation, referring to the computerised trading system introduced when the index was created in 1987. It’s the key gauge of French, and by extension, broader eurozone, equity market sentiment.

The CAC 40 has a higher international exposure than many national indices. The brands that make it up, including LVMH, TotalEnergies, Airbus, Sanofi, BNP Paribas, generate most of their revenues outside France. This is why the index is sensitive to global growth conditions, the euro exchange rate, and commodity prices, sometimes even more so than to French domestic economic data.

Futures and options on the CAC 40 are extremely active on Euronext. It is a widely used benchmark for managers of European equity funds and a popular underlying for structured products sold to French retail investors.

Example: At the end of 2023, LVMH, which at peak weighting accounted for over 10% of the CAC 40, reported slowing Chinese luxury demand, and the whole index fell materially. The French national benchmark moved on exposure to China by one company. That’s the concentration risk in an index of forty names, weighted by market capitalization.

CAD

ISO 4217 currency code for the Canadian dollar. The currency is also known in FX markets as the loonie, after the common loon bird on the one-dollar coin. The pair USD/CAD is the standard quote. Unlike most major pairs where the dollar is second, here it’s first. So a rising USD/CAD rate means a weaker Loonie.

CAD is a commodity currency in the classic sense of the word. Canada is one of the world’s largest oil exporters, and there is a well-documented, persistent correlation between crude prices and the Canadian dollar. The loonie usually makes gains when oil rallies. CAD sells off hard and fast when energy prices collapse, as in 2015 and 2020.

Example: In early 2016, when West Texas Intermediate crude briefly dropped to $26 a barrel, USD/CAD broke above 1.46, meaning each U.S. dollar bought almost 1.5 Canadian dollars. With oil prices rebounding, the pair slowly climbed back to 1.25 during 2017 and 2018. Those oil traders who ignored the FX part left serious money on the table.

Caixin Manufacturing PMI

China’s manufacturing activity index indicator based on monthly surveys compiled by financial data provider Caixin in conjunction with S&P Global. It surveys purchasing managers at several hundred mostly private, export-oriented companies, asking whether conditions, output, new orders, employment, inventories, and supplier delivery times improved, worsened, or stayed the same compared with the previous month. A reading above 50 means expansion, and a reading below 50 means contraction.

The Caixin PMI is different from the official NBS Manufacturing PMI, which has a larger sample skewed toward state-owned enterprises. Caixin’s panel is skewed toward private and export-oriented manufacturers, so it often diverges from the official print and is viewed as a more sensitive gauge of the health of China’s globally integrated industrial base. The part that matters most to commodity markets and global supply chains.

The release typically moves Asian equity markets, the Australian dollar (as a China proxy), copper prices, and iron ore futures within minutes of release.

Example: The post-COVID reopening of China is creating real industrial momentum, as demonstrated by the Caixin Manufacturing PMI rising to a month’s high of 51.6 in February 2023. Copper rallied, and the AUD strengthened, and mining stocks outperformed globally in the days following the release. on.

Caixin Services PMI

The Caixin Manufacturing PMI companion measures activity in the services sector in China in the finance, retail, hospitality, transport, healthcare, and professional services. Same methodology: survey purchasing managers at private service-sector firms, aggregate their responses into a diffusion index, and publish monthly. Above 50 is expansion. Below 50 is contraction.

The services PMI has become more important as China’s economy shifts from export and investment-led growth to one of domestic consumption. A strong Caixin Services reading is a sign that Chinese households are spending, at restaurants, on travel, and in retail, which matters for a different set of global assets than the manufacturing print. Consumer discretionary stocks, tourism-exposed equities, and Asian currencies appear to be more sensitive to the services number.

Caixin Manufacturing and Services are merged into a Caixin Composite PMI, offering one read on the entire economy. That composite is what most macro desks look to for a headline snapshot of China activity.

Example: The Caixin Services PMI dropped to 51.8 in August 2023. Still, it was expansionary, but the weakest reading since the post-COVID reopening. Markets took this as evidence that the consumer-led recovery was faltering faster than expected. Chinese equities sold off, and the yuan came under renewed pressure in the same sessi

Call option

A contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase an underlying asset at a predetermined price (the strike) on or before a specified expiry date. The buyer pays a premium up front for this right. The seller gets the premium and is obligated to sell if the buyer exercises.

The point is the asymmetry. The most the buyer can lose is the premium. The upside is theoretically unlimited; the higher the underlying goes over the strike, the more the call is worth. Calls are bullish instruments bought when you expect a price to rise, but don’t want to take on full exposure to the position.

Calls are used to speculate, to generate income (covered calls against existing holdings), and to hedge portfolios. The price of a call is a function of five variables: the spot price, the strike, the time to expiry, the implied volatility, and the risk-free rate. The most hotly debated by traders is implied volatility.

Example: Suppose a trader buys a one-month call on Tata Motors, struck at ₹900, with a premium of ₹30, when the stock is at ₹870. If the stock closes at ₹950 at expiry, the option has an intrinsic value of ₹50. The less the premium, the more profit you make of ₹20. If the stock closes at ₹880, the option becomes worthless, and the trader loses only the ₹30 paid. That’s the floor.

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