Disclaimer: I CFD sono strumenti complessi e comportano un alto rischio di perdere denaro rapidamente a causa della leva finanziaria.
Dovresti considerare se comprendi come funzionano i CFD e se puoi permetterti di correre l’alto rischio di perdere il tuo denaro.
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Options
Options are contracts that hand you the right, but never the obligation, to buy or sell something at a fixed price before a deadline. That single feature, choice without commitment, is what makes them so versatile. A call is the right to buy, a put the right to sell, and traders use them for wildly different ends: to speculate with limited downside, to hedge existing positions against a nasty move, or to earn income by selling them to others.
This entry overlaps with the options contract heading elsewhere on the sheet.
Example: An investor nervous that her stock portfolio might tumble buys put options as insurance; if the market crashes, the puts gain value and cushion the blow, and if it does not, she loses only the modest premium, much like paying for a policy she hopes never to claim on. Another trader, meanwhile, sells options to collect those premiums, betting the feared move will not happen and pocketing the payment if he turns out to be right.
Options contract
Every option comes with an expiry, the date on which it dies, and a price, the strike that decides whether it was worth anything. The expiry date is the deadline: after it passes, the option ceases to exist and can no longer be exercised. The strike price is the level at which the holder can buy or sell the underlying, and comparing it to the market price at expiry determines the payoff.
Get both in view and you know exactly what an option needs to do, and by when.
Example: A trader holds a call option with a strike price of 100 and an expiry date at month’s end. For it to pay off, the underlying must be trading above 100 by that date; if it closes the final day at 105, the option is worth 5 and she exercises or sells it, but if it languishes at 98 when expiry arrives, the option expires worthless and her entire premium is gone.
Options Skew
Options skew describes how the implied volatility priced into options changes depending on the strike. In a perfect textbook world, every strike on the same underlying would carry the same implied volatility; in reality it does not, and the pattern of those differences is the skew.
In equity markets, out-of-the-money puts, the ones that pay off in a crash, usually cost more in implied-volatility terms than equivalent calls, because investors will pay up for downside protection. Fear has a price, and skew is where you see it.
Example: A trader studying options on a stock index notices that puts well below the current price carry a much higher implied volatility than calls the same distance above it, a pronounced downside skew. He reads it as the market pricing in more fear of a sharp fall than hope of a sharp rally, a lopsidedness that itself becomes a signal about sentiment and about how expensive it has become to hedge against a sell-off.
Order
A call to buy or sell an asset at a particular price point or within a specific range. Orders can be placed via brokers, dealers, exchanges or online platforms.
Order Block
An order block is a concept from the world of so-called smart-money trading, an attempt to spot where big institutions built their positions. In practice it points to the last opposing candle before a sharp, powerful move: the final down candle before a strong rally, or the last up candle before a steep drop, on the theory that this is where large players quietly loaded up before driving the price.
Traders who follow the idea treat these zones as areas where price may react again if it returns.
Example: A trader spots a strong rally that began from a single big bearish candle, and marks that candle as a bullish order block. Later, when the price drifts back down into the same zone, she watches for buyers to step in again, reasoning that the institutions who were active there before may defend the level once more; she uses it as a potential spot to go long, with a stop tucked just beyond the block.
Order type
The classification of an order based on its execution instructions, such as market order, limit order or stop order.
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