سلب مسئولیت: CFD ها ابزارهای پیچیده ای هستند و با ریسک بالایی در از دست دادن سریع پول به دلیل اهرم همراه هستند.
باید در نظر بگیرید که آیا می دانید CFD ها چگونه کار می کنند و آیا می توانید ریسک بالای از دست دادن پول خود را بپذیرید یا خیر.
وب معامله گر MT5
همه
ECDSA
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. The cryptographic method that lets you prove you own a private key without showing anyone the key. Bitcoin uses it on a curve called secp256k1. So does Ethereum. The math runs on points along an elliptic curve, which is a sentence that means something to mathematicians and almost nothing to everyone else, and that’s fine, most developers interact with ECDSA through library functions and never crack open the underlying number theory. The reason it won: efficiency. A 256-bit ECDSA key gives you roughly the same security as a 3,072-bit RSA key. Smaller signatures, faster verification, comparable strength. Example: Every time anyone moves Bitcoin, the transaction includes an ECDSA signature proving the sender controls the private key for the source address. The network verifies the signature against the public key without ever seeing the private key. That single property is what makes self-custody possible. Without it, you’d need a trusted intermediary.
ECN
Electronic Communication Network. A trading venue that matches buyer and seller orders directly, no dealer in the middle taking a markup. ECNs reshaped US equity markets in the 1990s and then conquered FX, where the absence of a central exchange made the model especially valuable. EBS and Refinitiv Matching are the dominant FX ECNs. Retail FX brokers love advertising “ECN execution” because it sounds professional, but the term has been diluted, many brokers calling themselves ECN are actually internalising client orders against their own books, with maybe some pass-through to real liquidity providers. The original meaning is stricter: pure order-book matching, anonymous, price-time priority. Example: A hedge fund placing a EUR/USD order on a real ECN sees the same book as the major banks. Best bid is 1.0852 from Bank A, next-best is 1.0851 from Bank B. The fund’s market sell hits 1.0852 first. No spread markup. No dealer discretion. Just the book.
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
The framework binding EU member states that use the euro. Three stages, all completed: free movement of capital, economic policy convergence, and finally a single currency under a single central bank. The political tension at EMU’s heart never went away, though, and 2010 made it visible. Monetary policy is centralised at the ECB. Fiscal policy is national. Twenty-one different governments, twenty-one different debt trajectories, one interest rate. When that arrangement is fine, it’s fine. When it isn’t, Greece, Italy, the eurozone debt crisis, the contradictions become structural. Example: Bulgaria joined EMU on 1 January 2026, becoming its 21st full member. Lev retired at 1.95583 per euro, the same central rate it held under ERM II since 2020. The conversion was technically straightforward; the politics took two decades.
Economic Calendar
A tool that reports a country’s economic highlights and data releases, such as GDP, employment figures and central bank meeting outcomes.
Economist
Someone trained in economics. Within finance, the title usually points to professionals analysing macro conditions and producing forecasts that feed into investment decisions, the Goldman, JPMorgan, BofA chief economists whose weekly notes circulate through institutional inboxes. Bank economists publish for clients. Buy-side economists do similar work but oriented toward portfolio positioning. The boundary between economist, strategist, and analyst is mostly cosmetic. The discipline itself is broader than finance suggests. Academic economists work on theoretical models. Government economists staff finance ministries and statistical agencies. Behavioural economists, labour economists, development economists, and a dozen other subfields share the same toolkit but apply it to wildly different questions. Example: Goldman’s chief US economist publishes a weekly note on growth, inflation, and Fed policy. The note doesn’t move markets the way a Fed announcement does. It shapes expectations at the margin, which is mostly all anyone outside the FOMC can hope to do.
Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)
Eugene Fama’s claim, formalised in the 1960s and 70s, that asset prices fully reflect all available information. So consistent outperformance through analysis is impossible, or at least extraordinarily difficult. Three flavours: weak (prices reflect past trading data), semi-strong (prices reflect all public information), and strong (prices reflect even private information). The hypothesis built modern finance theory and underwrote the case for index investing. It also took a beating from behavioural finance, which documented persistent anomalies, momentum, value, post-earnings drift, that don’t fit cleanly into a strong-form efficient world. Fama himself was honest about the limits. He shared the 2013 Nobel with Robert Shiller, who’d built a career arguing markets get it wrong all the time. Example: Jack Bogle built Vanguard on the practical conclusion. If you can’t reliably beat the market, just own the market through low-cost index funds. The strategy has outperformed most active managers over multi-decade periods, which is either a vindication of EMH or evidence that fees matter more than skill. Probably both.
معاملات خود را با یک کارگزار پیشرو جهانی آغاز کنید.
آیا مایلید معامله‌گری را آغاز کنید؟
ما از کوکی ها برای درک نحوه استفاده شما از وب سایت ما و ارائه بهترین تجربه ممکن به شما استفاده می کنیم. با مشاهده خط مشی کوکی ما می توانید اطلاعات بیشتری کسب کنید.
