سلب مسئولیت: CFD ها ابزارهای پیچیده ای هستند و با ریسک بالایی در از دست دادن سریع پول به دلیل اهرم همراه هستند.
باید در نظر بگیرید که آیا می دانید CFD ها چگونه کار می کنند و آیا می توانید ریسک بالای از دست دادن پول خود را بپذیرید یا خیر.
وب معامله گر MT5
همه
Crown currencies
The collective name for the currencies of Scandinavia and Central Europe, which have the name of “krone,” “krona” or “koruna” (crown in their respective languages). The group usually consists of Danish krone (DKK), Swedish krona (SEK), Norwegian krone (NOK), Czech koruna (CZK) and sometimes Icelandic króna (ISK). All these countries do not use the euro, which makes it an interesting subset of European currencies with different monetary policies.
Geographically, the crowns are close together, but they behave very differently. Norway is a big exporter of petroleum, and the Norwegian krone is a commodity currency, so it’s highly sensitive to oil prices. The Swedish krona is sensitive to global risk appetite and Riksbank policy divergence from the ECB. The Danish krone is pegged very tightly to the euro, so it hardly moves. The Czech koruna tracks the growth dynamics of Central Europe.
FX traders group them together partly for convenience and partly because they have thin liquidity compared to majors, making it expensive to execute large trades in any one crown currency.
Example: The Norwegian krone was one of the best-performing currencies in the world in 2022 as energy prices surged following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a direct read-through from oil above $100. Meanwhile, the Swedish krona fell as the Riksbank lagged behind other central banks in raising rates. Same label, very different drivers.
Crush Spread
The difference in price between soybeans and the products of crushing (processing) them, namely soybean oil and soybean meal. Spread is the difference between the gross processing margin for a soybean crusher: buy soybeans, crush, and sell the products. A wide crush spread indicates good crushing profit, while a compressed spread will squeeze margins.
Soybeans can provide about 11 pounds of soybean oil and 44 pounds of meal per bushel. Processors work out how much the output is worth based on the cost of the input, to determine if it will be economically viable to operate the processor at full capacity.
Soybean, oil, and meal futures are currently traded at the Chicago Board of Trade as a crush spread. When margins are good, processors hedge by selling the spread, so that profits are secured before the actual crushing of the beans. It is used by speculators as a kind of relative value play between the three related contracts.
Example: High demand for soybean meal drives up meal prices, and raw soybean prices increase at a slower rate, creating a higher crush spread. A processing plant gets the positive margin locked up in the CBOT futures contract and then crushes the coffee beans, thereby guaranteeing the profitability of the coming quarter, regardless of the contract’s price fluctuation in the future.
Cryptocurrency
A digital asset that relies on cryptography to safeguard a transaction and to control the production of new units, and that is never stored on a single server but is instead spread across a decentralized network, usually a blockchain. The first and largest is Bitcoin, which was a payment system designed to function as a peer-to-peer payment system. Since then, hundreds of different options have sprung up, such as smart contract platforms, stablecoins, governance tokens, and utility tokens.
Scarcity, utility, network effects, and speculation are all ways in which cryptocurrencies get their value. They are not underpinned by established cash flows that are used in the conventional asset valuation process, causing prices to be highly volatile and subject to sentiment and narrative cycles.
Treatment by regulators is highly region-specific. The asset class is still fiercely debated: on the one hand, it is a new financial infrastructure that is beyond the State’s control; on the other hand, it is a speculative financial instrument with little real value and high environmental impact.
Example: If one lives in a nation that has a prolonged history of high inflation and a local currency that is in decline, part of their savings is in bitcoin because the programmatically limited supply helps protect them from the debasement of local assets by the central bank. That much short-term volatility is tolerated in exchange for the long-run inflation-hedging property.
Cryptography
The mathematical science of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable form that can only be decoded by authorized parties. Cryptography is also crucial in financial markets, where it supports online banking, digital payments, and blockchain networks, representing the technological backbone that enables the existence of digital trust without the need for intermediaries.
There are two key mechanisms. In symmetric encryption, one common key is used; fast, but key distribution is vulnerable. In asymmetric encryption, there is a mathematically related pair of keys: a public key that is made known to everyone and a private key that is known only to the owner. If a message is encrypted using a public key, it will, of course, only be decrypted with the corresponding private key.
Cryptographic hash functions in blockchain generate a fixed-length “fingerprint” of blockchain transaction data. If any change is made to the data, a completely new hash will be created, and anyone on the network will be able to easily see that it has been altered.
Example: A blockchain user signs a transaction with their private key. The network uses the public key to verify the signature, verifying the transaction without the private key ever being disclosed. The mathematics guarantees that only the rightful key-holder can have generated that signature, without revealing the secret.
cTrader
Spotware Systems’ trading platform, commonly used by Forex and CFD brokers as an alternative to MetaTrader. cTrader is developed for professional and active retail traders and provides access to a native ECN where depth-of-market data is shown and direct market pricing is used, as opposed to dealer quoted prices.
In addition to this, cAlgo, a built-in development environment with the C# programming language, enables traders to develop automated strategies (cBots) and then backtest and deploy them directly from the platform. Users can replicate others’ trades in real time through copy trading offered by cMirror.
cTrader is considered to be cleaner than MetaTrader 4 when it comes to execution, and its pricing structure is considered to be more transparent. However, adoption is still low due to the limited availability of brokers, and the third-party indicator community is smaller.
Example: A systematic trader developing a trading system and employing more complex trading logic than the one available in the MetaTrader proprietary language would benefit from cTrader’s cAlgo environment since the C# language is more sophisticated than MQL. The depth-of-market feature also allows the trader to view order book liquidity before they execute, giving them greater visibility of the potential slippage that can occur when they trade large lots in illiquid pairs.
Cuban Pesos (CUP)
The official currency of Cuba, as issued by the Banco Central de Cuba in 100 centavos. Cuba has had a unique dual-currency system for decades, with the Cuban peso (CUP) coexisting with the Cuban convertible peso (CUC), which is tied to the U.S. dollar and is accepted in tourism and for imports. The CUC has since been abolished, unifying the system under CUP alone.
The peso is not freely convertible. Capital controls are tight in Cuba, and the exchange rate is tightly managed, with significant differences between official and market rates for foreign exchange. Foreign currency, especially in the form of the US dollar, is an economic necessity because Cuba is so dependent on imports, and the US trade embargo bars the regular use of dollars through banking systems.
Inflow of hard currency from Cubans abroad is one of the main sources of income for numerous households.
Example: When a Cuban state enterprise buys dollar-denominated forms, it has difficulty in budgeting the cost because it has to take into account the pricing difference between the official and the informal exchange rate. The use of hard currency requires an approved allocation, which is not possible in freely convertible currencies, and is a reality of the operating expenses of conducting business within an exchange-controlled economy.
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