سلب مسئولیت: CFD ها ابزارهای پیچیده ای هستند و با ریسک بالایی در از دست دادن سریع پول به دلیل اهرم همراه هستند.
باید در نظر بگیرید که آیا می دانید CFD ها چگونه کار می کنند و آیا می توانید ریسک بالای از دست دادن پول خود را بپذیرید یا خیر.
وب معامله گر MT5
B
Bailout
Government rescue of a failing institution, industry, or country. Sometimes cash; sometimes loan guarantees; sometimes equity injections; sometimes just the central bank promising to be the buyer of last resort if nothing else works.
The justification is always the same: this entity is too important to fail. Letting it collapse would set off contagion, kill jobs, freeze credit. Critics counter that bailouts breed moral hazard. If you know you’ll be saved, you take more risk. Both positions are correct, which is part of why bailout politics never settle cleanly.
The 2008 crisis is the reference event. The Bush and Obama administrations bailed out banks, insurers, and carmakers within an 18-month span, using a combination of TARP funds, Federal Reserve facilities, and direct equity stakes. Most were repaid with profit. The political damage lasted longer than the financial damage.
Example: AIG received roughly $182 billion across 2008-09, after its London-based credit-default-swap book imploded. The US government got 79.9% of the company in exchange. AIG eventually repaid every dollar. But very few voters remember that.
Baker Hughes Rig Count
Every Friday, oilfield services giant Baker Hughes publishes a count of how many drilling rigs are actively operating, broken down by country, basin, and oil-versus-gas. The North American number (particularly the US count) gets the most attention, because shale producers respond fast to price signals and the rig count reflects those decisions in close to real time.
The series goes back to 1944, which gives it an unusually long history for a commodity indicator. Energy traders use it as a leading indicator of future production: rigs operating today drill wells that produce barrels six to eighteen months out. Rising count means producers are confident; falling count means they’re hunkering down.
It’s noisy week-to-week. The trend over weeks and months matters more than any single print.
Example: During the COVID oil crash in 2020, the US rig count fell from 790 in mid-March to 244 by mid-August; a roughly 70% collapse in five months. By the time the count bottomed, traders already knew that 2021’s US production curve was going to be much flatter than anyone had expected six months earlier.
Balance
The total remaining amount of funds in an account.
Balance of Payments
A complete ledger of every economic transaction between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a given period. Imports, exports, dividend flows, interest payments, foreign investment, remittances, central bank reserve changes; all of it.
The accounting splits into three parts. The current account covers trade in goods and services, plus primary income (investment returns) and secondary income (remittances). The capital account is small and mostly handles transfers of capital assets. The financial account tracks cross-border investment: direct investment, portfolio flows, reserves.
The whole thing has to balance to zero by construction. If a country runs a current-account deficit, somebody is funding it through the financial account, whether through bond purchases, FDI, or reserve drawdowns. Persistent current-account deficits funded by hot portfolio flows are a classic emerging-market vulnerability.
Example: India typically runs a current-account deficit driven by oil imports, offset by FDI and FII inflows into equities and remittances from Indians in the Gulf. When portfolio flows reverse (as in 2013, when the “taper tantrum” pulled FII money out), the rupee dropped fast because the financing leg disappeared.
Balance of trade
The narrowest, most-watched piece of the balance of payments: a country’s exports of goods minus its imports of goods. (Sometimes services are included, sometimes not, depending on the source.) Surplus when exports win, deficit when imports do.
Politicians love trade data because it’s intuitive and confrontational. Somebody is winning, somebody is losing. Economists are wearier, because trade balances are mostly accounting consequences of savings and investment patterns, not scoreboards. A country that invests more than it saves will run a trade deficit. Full stop.
That said, large persistent imbalances do matter. Surplus countries accumulate foreign assets and political leverage; deficit countries depend on capital inflows to keep going. When the inflows slow, the adjustment isn’t pretty.
Example: Germany has run a trade surplus over €200 billion most years for over a decade, exporting cars, machinery, and chemicals. The United States runs a structural deficit usually north of $900 billion, financed by global appetite for US assets; Treasuries, equities, real estate. Both numbers are stable in their own way.
Balance Sheet Recession
Richard Koo’s term, and the most useful single concept for understanding Japan after 1990. A balance sheet recession happens when the private sector; households and corporations; collectively stops borrowing and starts paying down debt, even when interest rates are at zero. The problem isn’t the cost of money. It’s that everyone’s balance sheet is wrecked, and nobody wants more debt at any price.
Conventional monetary policy fails here. The central bank can cut rates to nothing, and credit demand still doesn’t respond. Koo’s argument was that fiscal policy has to fill the gap; government has to spend the savings the private sector won’t invest, or you get a deflationary spiral.
The framework explains a lot. Why QE in Japan didn’t produce inflation for two decades. Why the eurozone recovery after 2010 was so painfully slow. Why China’s post-2021 property correction is taking the shape it is.
Example: Japanese corporations spent the 1990s and 2000s repaying debt taken on during the bubble. Even as the Bank of Japan cut rates to zero and beyond, corporate borrowing stayed flat or shrank. Only sustained fiscal deficits prevented an outright depression; and the country was still in deflation 25 years later.
معاملات خود را با یک کارگزار پیشرو جهانی آغاز کنید.
آیا مایلید معاملهگری را آغاز کنید؟
ما از کوکی ها برای درک نحوه استفاده شما از وب سایت ما و ارائه بهترین تجربه ممکن به شما استفاده می کنیم. با مشاهده خط مشی کوکی ما می توانید اطلاعات بیشتری کسب کنید.
