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Glosario de Trading

El glosario de trading se refiere a un tipo de estrategia de trading en la que los gestores utilizan un conjunto predefinido de términos, definiciones o conceptos para tomar decisiones informadas. A menudo implica jerga específica de la industria, métricas financieras y herramientas analíticas para navegar por los mercados de manera efectiva.

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Knock-out options

The mirror image of a knock-in. A knock-out option starts life as a normal, exercisable contract, but it is extinguished the instant the underlying touches its barrier. Hit the level and the option simply ceases to exist, regardless of how much intrinsic value it held a moment earlier. Up-and-out barriers sit above the current price; down-and-out barriers sit below. The appeal, again, is cost. Because the holder accepts the risk of the position being wiped out mid-move, the premium can be lower than a vanilla equivalent. The trade-off is brutal when it bites: a forecast can be perfectly correct in direction and still deliver nothing, because price clipped the barrier on the way and knocked the option out before the payoff ever arrived. These are popular in FX hedging and structured notes, where the barrier is placed at a level the buyer genuinely believes will hold. Example: A trader could buy a EUR/USD up-and-out call with a barrier at 1.12, betting on a grind higher that stalls before then. The euro rallies to 1.1205, the option knocks out, and his correct bullish call pays exactly zero.

Know your customer (KYC)

The set of identity checks a regulated financial firm must run before letting you trade, deposit, or withdraw. Know Your Customer rules exist to stop money laundering, terrorist financing, fraud, and sanctions evasion, and they are why a broker or crypto exchange asks for your passport, proof of address, and sometimes a live selfie before your account goes fully active. The requirement flows from anti-money-laundering law and, for many firms, from banking partners who will not touch a business that cannot show who its customers are.

For the user it is friction, occasionally a lot of it, and a real privacy trade-off. For the institution it is a regulatory requirement; skip it and the fines, or the loss of a banking relationship, can be existential. KYC usually pairs with ongoing monitoring, so an account flagged for unusual activity may be subject to additional verification.

Example: A new trader signs up with an FX broker and funds the account, then finds her withdrawal is restricted until she completes KYC by uploading a government ID and a recent utility bill so the firm can confirm her name and address match the account.

Known-unknowns

Risks or uncertainties that are recognised but cannot be quantified or accurately predicted.

KOF Economic Barometer

A closely watched leading indicator for the Swiss economy, published monthly by the KOF Swiss Economic Institute at ETH Zurich. Rather than measuring what has already happened, the barometer is designed to point ahead, providing an indication of the likely direction of Swiss GDP growth over the coming months. It is a composite, aggregating a large basket of individual indicators spanning areas such as manufacturing, construction, banking, and consumption into a single headline figure. The reading is calibrated so that a level around 100 represents the long-run average pace of growth; a print above 100 suggests the economy is set to run hotter than trend, while below 100 suggests a slowdown ahead. It has been produced in some form since the 1970s, which gives it a long track record for analysts trying to assess the Swiss cycle. Anyone trading the franc or Swiss assets may monitor it. Example: The KOF barometer climbs back above 100 after several soft months, and a franc trader interprets the improving figure as an indication that the Swiss economy may be regaining momentum heading into the next quarter.

Kondratieff wave

A long-term economic cycle lasting approximately 50-60 years.

Krone

The currency of Denmark (DKK) and Norway (NOK).

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