風險聲明：差價合約（CFD）是屬於複雜的投資產品，因杠杆而存在快速虧損的高度風險。
交易前您應衡量是否瞭解差價合約以及是否能夠承擔發生虧損的高風險。
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Institutional investor
An institutional investor is an organisation that invests large amounts of money for itself or for clients. Pension funds, insurance companies, banks, mutual funds, sovereign wealth funds, and university endowments are common examples. These organisations often employ professional analysts, traders, and risk managers. Their orders may be large enough to influence market activity, especially in less liquid securities. Institutional investors do not all follow the same approach. A pension fund may hold assets for decades, while a hedge fund may open and close positions much more frequently.
Interbank rates
Banks lend money to one another to manage their daily cash needs. The interest charged on these transactions is known as an interbank rate. Some loans last only overnight, while others cover weeks or months. These rates can respond quickly to central-bank policy, demand for cash, and concerns about lending risk. They matter beyond the banking system because they can influence business loans, mortgages, and financial contracts. An overnight interbank rate is not directly comparable with a three-month benchmark, since the borrowing periods and calculation methods are different.
Interest on Reserve Balances
Banks and certain other institutions keep reserve balances in accounts at the Federal Reserve. The Fed pays interest on these balances through the Interest on Reserve Balances rate, known as IORB. If a bank can earn interest safely at the Fed, it has little reason to lend the same money elsewhere at a much lower rate. This helps the Federal Reserve guide overnight market rates toward its chosen range. IORB is a monetary-policy tool used inside the banking system. It is not the interest rate paid to ordinary customers on savings accounts.
Interest rate
Interest rates, expressed as a percentage of the loan amount, represent the cost of borrowing. They can be fixed (unchanging) or variable (responsive to market conditions) and impact borrowing and investment returns.
Interest Rate Parity
Interest rate parity explains the connection between currency exchange rates and the interest rates available in two countries. Imagine that dollar deposits pay more interest than euro deposits. A forward exchange rate may adjust so that investors cannot earn a risk-free profit simply by borrowing euros, buying dollars, and locking in the later conversion. Covered interest rate parity uses a forward contract to remove exchange-rate uncertainty. Uncovered parity uses the exchange rate expected in the future instead. In real markets, funding costs, regulations, and credit risk can create temporary differences.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the possibility that changing rates will reduce the value of a bond, loan, or portfolio. A bond paying 3% may become less attractive when new bonds begin offering 5%, causing the older bond’s market price to fall. Long-term bonds usually react more strongly because their fixed payments continue for many years. Banks and businesses can also face this risk when their borrowing costs rise faster than the income earned on their assets. Holding a bond until maturity avoids selling it at a lower market price, but it does not remove the cost of missing better rates elsewhere.
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