Descargo de responsabilidad: Los CFD son instrumentos complejos y conllevan un alto riesgo de perder dinero rápidamente debido al apalancamiento.
Debe considerar si comprende cómo funcionan los CFDs y si puede permitirse el lujo de correr el alto riesgo de perder su dinero.
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Financial liability
Financial liability is a commitment to pay cash or a monetary amount to someone at some time in the future. It is located on the right side of a balance sheet, indicating the amount of debt an entity has – loans, bonds outstanding, accounts payable, and derivatives currently off-balance sheet.
Understanding liabilities is important because they’re claims on future cash flows. The company can comfortably service its obligations when its liabilities are not too large relative to its assets and earnings. The one that’s too heavily burdened – especially with short-term loans that it’s not easily able to refinance – is susceptible.
For accounting purposes, a liability is not recognized unless it is likely to occur and is measurable, which is why why contingent liabilities – things that might be owed depending on how a lawsuit or regulatory investigation turns out – require separate disclosure.
Example: A property developer may have a large amount of money owed on construction loans and bonds issued to finance current projects. Those obligations are easily controlled, provided sales remain strong, and refinancing can be obtained. During a period of cooling and restrictive lending, those are the liabilities that keep the CFO awake at night.
Financial market
Any marketplace where asset or security trading takes place, including forex, shares, cryptocurrencies, indices, commodities and others.
Financial risk
Financial risk is the risk of financial loss when an investment, business decision, or financial position turns out worse than expected, potentially resulting in a complete loss of the money involved. There are many different varieties.
Market risk is the risk that prices move in the wrong direction. Credit risk is the risk of not being paid if the counterparty fails to pay what he owes.
Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to dispose of an asset at a significant loss, while operational risk is the risk of breakdowns in systems, processes, and people.
There is no such thing as a safe financial transaction, and there is no purpose in trying to eliminate risk. It is about managing it.
Example: If a fund manager has all his interests in one area, he could be exposed to enormous market risk if a legislative change or a stunning occurrence in the business could influence all his funds.
Diversification across industries reduces that particular risk but creates additional risks. The objective is not to find a risk-free portfolio but one that incorporates known, quantifiable risk and is rewarded for the returns it delivers.
Financial Stability Board
The Financial Stability Board is an international group of financial stability experts responsible for ensuring systemic stability and providing recommendations to the world. It was founded in 2009 following the global financial crisis and includes central banks, finance ministries, and regulators from the G20 countries.
The FSB has no legal authority to compel anyone to do anything. But it has influence because the people in it have the legal authority to create rules. Among other things, it addresses the problems of bank capital requirements, the regulation of crypto assets, and the dangers posed by non-bank financial intermediaries.
Example: The FSB pioneered the push for higher capital requirements for banks and greater regulation of systemically important banks – those whose failure would be too big to ignore – in the wake of the global financial system’s catastrophic exposure during the 2008 crisis. They would not be a cure for risk, but they would make the system considerably more resilient than it was when the crisis started.
Firm Quote
A firm quote is a binding price at which a market maker must trade immediately. It’s a different kettle of fish from an indicative quotation, which is basically a general estimate to provide a client with an indication of current market depth before a formal request is made.
Firm quotes are the lifeblood of price discovery because trust and certainty are key to market liquidity. Without prices at which you can really execute, markets would seize up.
Example: The treasurer of a huge company calls up a bank’s trading desk to get a firm exchange rate for a big euro transaction. The trader gives a live firm quote of 1.0845. But they have to accept the rate and lock it in as soon as possible.
When they verbally agree or electronically hit the quote, the trade is executed immediately at 1.0845. The firm quote is gone if the treasurer has to leave to talk to their CFO, and they will need to get a new price based on where the market has moved in the meantime.
First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
First-in, First-out (FIFO) is an accounting and inventory method in which the first items added to stock or assets are the first to be used or sold. Whatever comes in first must go out first. It is applied in inventory management, cost accounting, and, most significantly, in trading, where tax laws in some jurisdictions require that shares/units bought first be sold first.
This is important because it will affect your cost basis and, in turn, your taxable gain or loss. FIFO tends to generate more capital gains in an ascending market, as earlier purchases were generally made at lower prices.
In many situations, FIFO is the “standard” approach, though other systems, such as LIFO and specific identification, are permitted in some cases and by brokers and tax systems. Example: A trader purchased 100 shares of a stock for $10 in January and 100 more shares for $15 in March. In June, they sold 100 shares at $20. Under FIFO, the tax calculation will be based on the cost of the January purchase, resulting in a $10 per-share gain.
They would have gained only $5 per share had they used the March lot instead. The method is used quietly but meaningfully changes the tax bill.
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